Estudio preliminar de los cambios anatómicos foliares en Pinus tropicalis y Pinus caribaea de zonas colindantes de la mina Castellanos, Minas de Matahambre, Pinar del Río, Cuba Preliminary study of foliar anatomical changes in Pinus tropicalis and Pinus Caribbean subsp. caribaea from areas adjacent to the Castellanos mine, Minas de Matahambre, Pinar del Río, Cuba
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Resumo
A folha é o órgão mais sensível para detectar condições de estresse abiótico, incluindo a contaminação por metais pesados provenientes de atividades de mineração e metalurgia. Nas áreas ao redor da mina Castellanos, no município de Minas de Matahambre, província de Pinar del Río, Cuba, florestas naturais de pinheiros das espécies Pinus tropicalis e Pinus caribaea subsp. caribaea desenvolvem-se em solos afetados pela atividade de mineração. Para caracterizar as alterações anatômicas nas folhas de ambas as espécies, agulhas foram coletadas de 12 indivíduos por espécie (cinco repetições por indivíduo) e seções transversais foram realizadas, medindo-se 13 variáveis anatômicas. Observou-se um aumento na espessura da cutícula em ambas as espécies, juntamente com uma diminuição geral no diâmetro dos canais resiníferos. Em P. caribaea, observou-se também uma diminuição na espessura do clorênquima, enquanto em P. tropicalis houve redução no número de estômatos, na espessura do clorênquima e do parênquima transfusional, bem como nas dimensões do feixe vascular. Concreções intracelulares sugestivas de quelatos metálicos foram detectadas nos tecidos vasculares, no parênquima transfusional e na endoderme de ambas as espécies. Adicionalmente, modificações epidérmicas na forma de pelos foram observadas em P. tropicalis. As alterações anatômicas presentes podem ser respostas adaptativas ao estresse abiótico crônico. Este estudo constitui a primeira evidência anatômica da resposta de pinheiros cubanos à poluição por mineração e estabelece as bases para futuras pesquisas fisiológicas e programas de restauração ecológica na região.
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