Preliminary study of foliar anatomical changes in Pinus tropicalis and Pinus Caribbean subsp. caribaea from areas adjacent to the Castellanos mine, Minas de Matahambre, Pinar del Río, Cuba Preliminary study of foliar anatomical changes in Pinus tropicalis and Pinus Caribbean subsp. caribaea from areas adjacent to the Castellanos mine, Minas de Matahambre, Pinar del Río, Cuba
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Abstract
The leaf constitutes the most sensitive organ for detecting abiotic stress conditions, including heavy metal pollution derived from mining-metallurgical activities. In areas adjacent to the Castellanos mine, Minas de Matahambre municipality, Pinar del Río province, Cuba, natural pine forests of Pinus tropicalis and Pinus caribaea subsp. caribaea grow on soils affected by mining activity. With the aim of characterizing foliar anatomical changes in both taxa, needles were collected from 12 individuals per species (five replicates per individual) and transverse sections were made, measuring 13 anatomical variables. An increase in cuticle thickness was observed in both taxa, along with a generalized decrease in resin canal diameter. In P. caribaea, a decrease in chlorophyllous parenchyma thickness was also noted, while in P. tropicalis stomatal number, chlorophyllous and transfusion parenchyma thicknesses, and vascular bundle dimensions were reduced. In both species, intracellular concretions were detected in vascular tissues, transfusion parenchyma, and endodermis, suggestive of metal chelates. Additionally, in P. tropicalis epidermal modifications in the form of hairs were observed. The anatomical changes present may be adaptive responses to chronic abiotic stress. This study constitutes the first anatomical evidence of the response of Cuban pines to mining contamination and lays the groundwork for future physiological research and ecological restoration programs in the region.
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