Incidência de Hevea brasiliensis nas propriedades químicas do solo da Amazônia colombiana
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Resumo
O cultivo da Hevea brasiliensis, a seringueira, é promovido como alternativa produtiva e ecológica, principalmente em sistemas agroflorestais, que abordam seu impacto nas condições químicas do solo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os possíveis efeitos de cinco tipos de uso da terra nas propriedades químicas dos horizontes A e B em solos da Amazônia colombiana: sistema agroflorestal de H. brasiliensis com árvores madeireiras e frutíferas, sistema agroflorestal de H. brasiliensis associado a restolho, monocultivo de H. brasiliensis, mata secundária como controle positivo e pastagem nativa como controle negativo. Foram avaliadas as condições de pH, alumínio trocável, carbono orgânico, potássio, fósforo, cálcio, magnésio, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. Foram encontradas semelhanças nas propriedades químicas do solo entre floresta secundária, sistema agroflorestal com árvores frutíferas e sistema agroflorestal com restolho. A monocultura de H. brasiliensis não apresentou diferenças significativas com a pastagem nativa. O pH foi a única variável afetada pelo uso do solo, enquanto o percentual de carbono orgânico e os teores de fósforo, cálcio, magnésio e potássio mudaram dependendo dos horizontes A e B, demonstrando que a variabilidade da fertilidade química dos solos argilosos de na Amazônia estão mais relacionadas às características de seus horizontes do que ao tipo de uso da terra.
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