Clonal variation and cone production stability in a 1,5 generation asexual seed orchard of Pinus patula Clonal variation and cone production stability in a 1,5 generation asexual seed orchard of Pinus patula
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Abstract
The contribution of clones from a seed orchard to cone production determines the effective population size and is highly correlated with seed production. The objective was to determine clonal variation and stability in the productive capacity of female cones of Pinus patula clones established in a 1,5 generation asexual seed orchard. Mature cones of all clones were collected and counted at the end of March in the years 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. Genetic variation between clones and years of production, broad heritability (H2c), Spearman's correlation coefficient of mean cone production per clones between years of evaluated were determined, phenotypic correlations of clone means (rp) and genetic correlation type B (rB) were estimated. Female cone production showed a wide variation between clones and years. Spearman´s correlation coefficients between production cone production years were high and positive from 0,80 to 0,88. The degree of variation in cone production was higher among clones (σ2c) than within clones (σ2e,), the rB was 0.79 and H2c was 0.83 in the joint analysis of cone production over four years of evaluation, indicating high genetic control in cone production ability. Only 12 clones contributed between 80 and 85 % of the total female cone production. The HSA presents an imbalance in clonal contribution to cone production which negatively affects the effective population size.
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